瑞典皇家科学院常务秘书、乌普萨拉大学进化生物学教授Hans Ellegren宣布本年度诺贝尔经济学获奖者，他在宣布时有些尴尬，因上周化学奖提前曝光事件被各大媒体追踪报道后显得非常谨慎，逐字逐句看着稿件发言。/北欧时报图

北欧时报斯德哥尔摩10月9日讯（记者何儒李格非）瑞典皇家科学院9日在斯德哥尔摩宣布，将2023年诺贝尔经济学奖授予哈佛大学教授、美国经济学家克劳迪娅·戈尔丁，以表彰她在女性劳动力研究领域的突出贡献。这是诺委会授予第三位经济学领域的女性获奖者。

主席团现场公布情况。/北欧时报图

瑞典皇家科学院常务秘书在发布会上说，戈尔丁发现了劳动力市场性别差异的关键驱动因素，她的研究成果“增进了我们对女性劳动力市场结果的理解”。

主席团成员在发布会现场阐述获奖者的学说。/北欧时报图

评委会主席团评委进一步阐述说，戈尔丁首次全面介绍了几个世纪以来女性收入和劳动力市场参与情况，她的研究揭示了变化原因以及仍有的性别差距的主要根源。戈尔丁的研究表明，女性劳动力市场参与率在整个时期内并没有呈现上升趋势，而是形成“U”形曲线。19世纪初，随着从农业社会向工业社会的转变，已婚妇女参与程度有所下降，但随着20世纪初服务业的发展，已婚妇女参与程度开始增加。戈尔丁将这种模式解释为结构性变化和关于女性对家庭责任的社会规范不断演变的结果。

发布会现场的阐述理论图片。/北欧时报图

评委在进一步阐述中还援引诺贝尔经济学奖评委会主席雅各布·斯文松的话说，了解女性在劳动力市场中的角色对社会很重要。“得益于戈尔丁的开创性研究，我们现在对潜在因素以及未来可能需要解决的障碍有了更多了解。”

尽管现场电话连线采访未能成功，但瑞典皇家科学院常任秘书汉斯·埃勒格伦表示，他此前已与戈尔丁取得联系，她对获奖的反应是“惊讶且非常高兴”。

戈尔丁1946年出生在美国纽约，现任美国哈佛大学教授。

今年的诺贝尔经济学奖奖金为1100万瑞典克朗（约合100万美元）。

在诺贝尔系列奖项中，经济学奖并非依照已故瑞典化学家阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔的遗嘱设立，而是由瑞典国家银行1968年创立，奖金由瑞典国家银行支出。

北欧时报经济学记者李格非在现场提问。/北欧时报图

北欧时报在发布会现场获得提问。

北欧时报：谢谢主席，北欧时报向您提问。我们看到，今年到目前为止，我们经历了世界经济动荡发展历程中非常具有挑战性的一年。例如俄乌战争，以及高通胀率所影响的全球民生福祉问题。我的问题是，这些时事在何种程度上被纳入了今年诺奖评审的考量？

评委会主席雅克布（Jokob Svensson）答记者问。/北欧时报图

诺贝尔经济学奖评委主席、瑞典皇家科学院院士、乌普萨拉大学经济学教授Jakob Svensson答：我对这个问题的回答是，它不会直接地体现在诺奖委员会的评审工作中。因为通常评奖过程需要时间和收集信息并获取信息。然后根据我们获得的信息和我们自己的工作，再最终提出奖项建议。时事通常不会影响到最后的决定。

英文对照：

Thank you.This is Nordic Chinese Times.We see,the world has been through a very challenged economic footing this year so far.The tragic war in Ukraine and Russia;High inflation rate affecting the people's wellbeing global wide.My question is,to what extent has these been into the consideration of appraisal this year?

Jakob Svensson：

I think the answer to that question is that:It has not directly played into the work of the prize committee.This is usually a process that takes time,gathering Information and taking the Information.And based on the Information we get in and our own work,we then end up with suggesting a prize.But current affairs usually do not flow into that decision.

北欧时报记者专访诺贝尔经济学奖评委、瑞典皇家科学院院士、隆德大学教授克里斯托弗艾德林。/北欧时报图

英文：

Interview transcript with Professor Mr.Christofer Edling

Nordic Chinese Times Gefei:Hi Mr.Edling!We are Nordic Chinese Times.We are eager to know more about the prize,would you like to elaborate your personal insights and vistas on what social transformation would this profound theory bring to us,what does it mean in the near future,at both a policy level and academic level?

Christofer Edling:

I think there are two aspects of the prize.One is related to the way the economy and labor market operates.Firstly,it is crucial for society to take advantage of all its human capital.And it is an important question to ask then,if the difference in labor market participation between men and women is a problem for economic efficiency.And there is also,of course,the problem of equity.Is it fair?The work by Claudia Goldin that we award speaks more to the issue of economic efficiency than to equity,although she has also done important work on discrimination..Of course women’s labor market participation and the gender wage gap has been a topic on the political agenda for a long-long time.I will come back to the policy implications.

Christofer Edling:

Secondly, from an academic point of view,it's an important and interesting prize,because it combines contributions to economic history,on one hand,with explanations based on established economic theory.On the other hand,I think for an academic,it is an exciting aspect of the prize.Because Claudia Goldin has collected new data covering a long time period,we now know things about how the labor market for women developed,particularly late18th and early19th century that we did not know before.

We also have novel explanations for why these newly established patterns look the way they do.And she collected this new data by applying a range of different methods,that you have these new patterns of data, and you have theories to explain those patterns is exciting for an academic,right?

Nordic Chinese Times Gefei:We see,there is a journey of improvement happening in society.Sweden,especially,has been a pioneer in the agenda for gender equality.Would you say that the prize is impactful in indicating orientation?

Christofer Edling:

I think it has the potential to be impactful.But it's important to stress that Claudia Goldin,she does not really provide policy and suggestions and she doesn't evaluate policy.But her works tell us interesting and important things about policy:For one thing,if you would like to make a policy intervention,you have to make sure you have the facts right and you have to take many different factors into account.

As a policy maker you have to realize that,the specific point in time will determine what kind of policy might or might not work.So for instance,technical change:A society that transitions from an agricultural to an industrial state,would pose a completely different policy challenge than a highly industrialized economy or an agrarian economy.So that's one thing,there will be at least three different policies for these three different societies.

Goldin also tells us that people form their expectations based on history:When a young girl makes a decision on whether to invest in education,she looks at her mother and her mother’s generation.And if the society is changing rapidly,that expectation that the young girl is forming,based on her mother's generation’s experience might be completely misleading for the opportunities that she will actually be able to realize as she grows older.So that's also an important aspect,that change takes time,because it's a matter of generations.I would say that the most important policy implication from Claudia Goldin’s work is that you have to really understand the problem.

Thank you!

Nordic Chinese Times Gefei:你好，Edling先生！我们是《北欧时报》。我们渴望更多地了解这个奖项，您是否愿意详细阐述您对这一深刻理论将为我们带来的社会转型的个人见解和前景，以及在政策层面和学术层面，这在不久的将来意味着什么？

Christofer Edling: 我认为这个奖项有两个方面。第一是关于经济和劳动力市场的运作方式。首先，社会充分利用其全部人力资本至关重要。重要的问题之一是，男女在劳动力市场参与方面的差异是否对经济效率构成问题。当然，还涉及到公平性的问题。这公平吗？我们所授予的Claudia Goldin的研究相较于公平性更多地涉及经济效率问题，尽管她也在平等方面做出了重要工作。当然，妇女的劳动力市场参与和性别工资差距一直是政治议程上的话题。后面我再回到对政策的启示这方面的阐述。

Christofer Edling: 其次，从学术角度来看，这是一项重要且有趣的奖项，因为它结合了对经济史的贡献与经济理论基础的解释。另一方面，从学术角度来看，这个奖项令人兴奋，因为Claudia Goldin收集了涵盖长时期的新数据，使我们了解了关于妇女劳动力市场发展的新知识，特别是18世纪末和19世纪初，这些信息以前我们并不了解。我们还对为什么这些新建立的模式看起来如此有新的解释。她通过应用各种不同的方法收集了这些新数据。你有这些新数据模式以及解释这些模式的理论对于学者来说是令人兴奋的，对吧？

Nordic Chinese Times Gefei:我们发现，社会正在发生改变。瑞典一直以来在性别平等议程方面一直是先驱。您是否认为今年的奖项在指明方向方面具有影响力？

Christofer Edling:我认为它具有潜在的影响力。但重要的是要强调，Claudia Goldin并没有提供政策建议，也没有评估政策。但她的作品告诉我们关于政策的有趣和重要的事情：首先，如果你想进行政策干预，你必须确保你掌握了正确的事实，并考虑到许多不同因素。作为政策制定者，你必须意识到，特定的时点将决定哪种政策可能有效，哪种可能无效。因此，例如，技术变革：从农业向工业化社会过渡的社会与高度工业化经济或农业经济完全不同，将提出完全不同的政策挑战。所以，对于这三种不同的社会，至少会有三种不同的政策。

Goldin还告诉我们，人们会根据历史形成他们自身组建期望值：当一个女孩决定是否对自己进行教育投资时，她会参考她的母亲和母亲那一代人。如果社会正在迅速变化，年轻女孩基于她母亲那一代人的经验形成的期望可能会对她在长大后实际能够实现的机会产生完全错误的引导。所以这也是一个重要的方面，改变需要时间，因为这是一代人的事情。我认为从Claudia Goldin的研究中最重要的政策启示是你必须真正理解问题所在。

谢谢！

采访结束后，艾德林教授与北欧时报社长合影留念。Foto：Nordic Chinese Times